Department Stores and the Black Freedom Movement

Race and class identities in early American department stores -- Before Montgomery : organizing the department store movement -- To all store and office workers, Negro and white! : unionism and anti-discrimination in the department store industry -- The department store movement in the postwar era -- Worker-consumer alliances and the modern black middle class, 1951-1970 -- Toward Wal-Mart : the death of the department store movement